Types Of Materials

 Introductions : 

                               A material is substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials can be pure or impure, living or non - living matter. Materials can be classified based on their physical and chemical properties or on their geological origin or biological function. 

Types Of Materials : 

                             In manufacturing industries, there are materials mainly divided in two categories. i.e. (1) Direct Raw Materials            

                                           (2) Indirect Raw Materials 

(1) Direct Raw Materials : 

                                      Direct Raw Materials are materials used in making products, these are thoroughly seen in finished products / goods. OR large part of the final products. Costs incurred to purchase raw materials directly have a close relationship and are proportional to the number of finished goods produced. 

                       These materials usually represents a high percentage of the cost of processing goods. Some examples of direct raw materials are : woods used in chair & table, Steels and metal sheets used in automobile manufacturing, Yarn used in textile company. 

(2) Indirect Raw Materials :

                                       Indirect Raw Materials play a role in the production process but are not directly visible in the finished goods or products. Indirect Raw Materials also called consumable materials. They are consumed as part of the production process, but are not integrated in substantial amounts in a product or job. 

                Some examples of Indirect Raw Materials are : Cleaning Supplies, Disposable Safety Equipment, Disposable Tools (Drill, Tap, Reamer, Metal Inserts, etc.), Fitting & Fasteners, Glue, Oil & Paints, Welding Rods, Welding Wire Spools, Etc. 

                 In manufacturing industries, there are types of processes are done on the direct raw materials with the help of indirect raw materials or consumable materials to form the final finish products. The processes are shearing, forming, bending, piercing, welding, electroplating, powder coating, painting, drilling, etc. Hence in manufacturing industries, the processed products or goods are divided in 3 - categories as per their status. 

(1) Finished Goods Or Products : 

                                             Finished Goods are products that have completed the manufacturing process but have yet to be sold to or distributed to consumer. Finished goods are final product of one company, the goods may be components or raw materials to another. 

         

                          Examples of finished goods are : Chair & Table in furniture industries, Car & Vehicles in automobile industries, Cloths , Shirts & Pants, etc. 

(2) Semi Finished Goods : 

                                      Semi Finished Goods are also called as WIP (Work In Process) goods. Semi Finished Goods are processed raw materials not for final consumption but as input for other goods production. 

       

                                      Semi Finished Goods, that have undergone some processing, but require further processing before they are ready for use. They may be sold to other manufacturers or transferred to sub - contactors for further processing, that process may be welding, painting, electroplating, powder coating, etc.

      Examples of semi finished goods are : Wood - Wood is used in multiple purposes for construction of building or production of furniture. 

Steel - A raw materials used in the production of many other goods, such as vehicles , bicycles.

   

Glass - Glass can be used to make dishes, cups, bottles and windows. 

(3) Rejected Goods or Products : 

                                               Rejected products means a product which fails to meet the specifications, comply with standards and requirements as per clients.  Rejected materials shall be transferred from OK materials storage area to rejected materials storage area. Rejected materials that are rejected on retesting or in process or damaged during handling shall be rejected. 

             

               Details about rejected materials shall be entered in the register for rejected materials. The quality control personnel shall label the container or pallet with rejected label and hand over the copies of GRN and copy of the analysis report to stores person. To ensure that rejected materials is kept in the designated rejected area.